英语介词的语法基础
介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作主语, 状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。例如:
Most of the students went to the
大部分学生去了教室。
We play basketball on the sports
我们在操场上打蓝球。
介词常与动词,形容词,名词一起构成固定搭配。
belong to 属于 rely1 on 依靠
talk to 同谈话 be afraid of 害怕
be strict with对严格
介词一般放在名词之前。但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词,疑问副词或者关系代词时,这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。
Where do you come from?
你是哪儿人?
Who are you talking to?
你在跟谁谈话呢?
What do you study for?
你为了什么而学习?
介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小,但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。下列为常用介词及含义:
about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.
I have bought a book about
我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。
There are about fifteen trees in the
图片里大约有十五棵树。
above 在上,高出,以上,超过,在上游.
The plane is flying above the
飞机在云上飞行。
I think the man is above sixty years
我想那人有六十多岁了。
across 横过,对面,交叉,在的对面.
Can you swim across the river?
你能游过河吗?
We live across the
我们住在街的对面。
after 在后面,依照.
He went home after
他放学后就回家了。
Read after me,
请跟我朗读。
against 撞到,靠着,反对,违背,
The car hit against the
汽车撞了树。
He is standing2 against the
他靠墙站着。
along 沿着,顺着.
They are walking along the
他们沿着河行走。
among 在当中.
He is the tallest among
他是他们当中个子最高的。
around 在的周围,在那一边.
They sat around the table talking the
他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。
There is a drugstore around the
拐角处有一家药店。
as 作为.
He doesn't like people treat him as a
他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。
at 在时刻,在点钟,在岁时, 向,在之中,按速度,值(卖)钱,
He always gets up at six in the
他时常早上六点钟起床。
He shot3 at the bird but missed
他向鸟射击,但是没射中。
The car goes at eighty miles an
汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶。
before 在的前面(位置),在之前(时间)
?e took a picture before the
他在汽车前照了张照片。
He can't finish his work before
晚饭前他完不成工作。
behind 在的后面(位置), 落后于,不如,
迟于,晚于(时间)
Are there any brooms4 behind the
门后有扫帚吗?
All of us are behind him in
我们数学都不如他。
below 在之下,低于,
There are four lights below the
天花板下面有四盏灯。
The murderer7 run away below the police's
杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。
beside 在的旁边,在之外,与相比.
He found the body by the
他在河边发现了尸体。
Beside yours, my computer is too
与你的计算机速度相比,我的就慢多了。
besides 除之外,
We are all here besides
除鲍外,我们也都来了。
between 在两者之间,
The relations8 between the two countries has improved since
两国的关系从那以后得到了改善。
beyond9 在那边,
The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss
你要找的商店在街的那边,你不会找不到的。
but 除去.
He has nothing but
他除钱以外什么都没有。
by 被, 在的近旁 , 在之前, 不迟于, 以为手段。
The classroom was cleaned by the
教室由学生们打扫干净了。
Miss Lucy came to China by
露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。
down 沿着望下。
She walked down the
她沿着街道走。
during 在期间,在时候。
During the holiday, we went to the
我们假期去了南方。
except 除之外。
He knows nothing except
他除英语以外什么都不知道。
for 为, 因为, 至于 。
He works10 for this
他为这家公司工作。
She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the
她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。
?
from 从, 来自, 因为。
Where are you from?
你是哪里人?
He died from an
他死于一场事故。
in 在, 在之内,从事于, 按照, 穿着。
He was born in
他生于1992年。
I could finish the program in two
我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。
He spend less time in
他读书时间很少。
The man in black jacket is our
穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。
like 象,如同。
The twins are like their
双胞胎象他们的父亲。
near 靠近。
There are some flowers near the
房子附近有一些花。
of 的,属于。
This is a map of
这是一张中国地图。
off 离开,在之外。
The young man got off the train
那个年青人很快下了火车。
I live in a village a little way off the main
我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。
on 在之上。
My book is on the
我的书在桌子上。
out of 从出来,在之外。
The dog run out of the
狗从房子里跑出来。
outside 外边.
They are waiting outside the
他们在门外等着。
over 在之上,遍于之上,越过。
There is a light over the
桌子上方有盏灯。
He is over sixty years
他有六十多岁。
past 越过,过,超越。
The students walked past the post
学生们走过了邮局。
It is ten past
现在是两点十分。
round 围着,绕过,在周围。
We sat round the
我们围着桌子坐下。
The earth goes round the
地球绕着太阳转。
since 自 以后,自以来。
He has made great progress in English since he came into the
从他来到大学后,他的英语有了很大进步。
through 经过,穿过。
They went through the
他们穿过了森林。
throughout12 遍及,在各处。
The police searched for the criminal13 throughout the
警察搜山寻找犯人。
till 直到,在以前。
He didn't come back till eleven o'
他直到十一点钟才回来。
We'll be home till
六点以前我们都会在家。
to 到,向,趋于。
How long is it from here to the station?
从这儿到车站有多远?
under 在之下,低于。
There are some footballs under the
床底下有几颗足球。
These students are under seventeen years
这些学生们不到十七岁。
until 直到,在以前,
Please wait for us until we come
请等着我们回来。
It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics
直到上周,我才交了数学论文。
up 在上面,在上。
He went up the
他上了楼梯。
upon14 在之上,迫近。
It's not polite to look down upon
蔑视他是不礼貌的。
within15 在之内。
You must finish the work within two
你必须两周内完成这项工作。
without 没有,不,在之外。
We can't do it better without your
没有你的帮助,我们就做不好。
We couldn't live without air and
没有空气和水,我们就不可能生存。