定语从句的构成及应用
最头疼的就是分不清什么时候关系代词可省略。 还有就是什么叫非限制性定语从句。 帮帮忙哈。
(1)关系代词的不可省略和可以省略
1。关系代词which,whom,who,that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
Here is the man (who/that/whom)you're been looking for。
以下情况不能省略:
(1)在介词 whom与介词 which中,whom,which不能省略。
Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?
That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now。
注:当介词放在动词后时,which,whom就可以省略。
Who is the man (whom) you talked with just now?
(2)在非限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。
Mr Green,whom you know,is the tallest in our school。
The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see。
(3)在the same 。。。as,such。。。as,as。。。as,the same。。。that中,as,that即使作宾语,也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought)。
(指同类用as)
This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday。 (that指同一个)
(4)当由and,but,or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时,第一个关系代词可省,但第二,第三个不可省略。
This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting。
2。当that在从句中作补语时可以省略。
He is not the man (that) he used to be。
She is all (that) a teacher should be。
3。在there be 结构中出现定语从句,或在定语从句中出现there be 时,用作主语的关系代词也可省略。
There is a man downstairs (who) wants to see you。
This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library。
4。状语的省略
(1)当先行词是reason,而且定语从句中作原因状语时,关系代词可用why,that,也可以省略。
The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness。
That is the reason (why) I did it。
(2)当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时,关系代词可用in which,that,也可以省略。
The way (in which/that) these comrades look at problems is wrong。
That was the way (in which/that) she worked the problem out。
注意:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,不省略。
例如:I don't know the way that/ which leads to the top of the mountains。
(3)当先行词是time时,关系代词可用when,that 或省略。
The second time (that) I saw him was in 1980。
I don't know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place。
注意:关系代词作宾语有时也不能省略。
(2)
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house which we bought last month。
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice。这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year。
查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden。 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching。
这
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me。
他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation。 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
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